كتاب Course Notes for: Learn Visual Basic 6.0

s 1. Introduction to the Visual Basic Language and Environment © Lou Tylee, 1998 KIDware 15600 NE 8th, Suite B1-314 Bellevue, WA 98008 (206) 721-2556 F Preview...................................................................................................................1-1 Course Objectives.................................................................................................1-1 What is Visual Basic?...........................................................................................1-2 Visual Basic 6.0 versus Other Versions of Visual Basic ..................................1-3 16 Bits versus 32 Bits...........................................................................................1-3 Structure of a Visual Basic Application...............................................................1-4 Steps in Developing Application .........................................................................1-4 Drawing the User Interface and Setting Properties...........................................1-5 Example 1-1: Stopwatch Application - Drawing Controls.................................1-9 Setting Properties of Objects at Design Time................................................ 1-10 Setting Properties at Run Time......................................................................... 1-11 How Names Are Used in Object Events..........................................................1-11 Example 1-2: Stopwatch Application - Setting Properties ............................1-12 Variables.............................................................................................................1-14 Visual Basic Data Types...................................................................................1-14 Variable Declaration..........................................................................................1-14 Example 1-3: Stopwatch Application - Attaching Code................................. 1-18 Quick Primer on Saving Visual Basic Applications........................................ 1-20 Exercise 1: Calendar/Time Display..................................................................1-21 iv Learn Visual Basic 6.0 2. The Visual Basic Language Review and Preview..............................................................................................2-1 A Brief History of Basic.........................................................................................2-1 Visual Basic Statements and Expressions ........................................................2-2 Visual Basic Operators.........................................................................................2-3 Visual Basic Functions .........................................................................................2-4 A Closer Look at the Rnd Function......................................................................2-5 Example 2-1: Savings Account............................................................................2-6 Visual Basic Symbolic Constants.....................................................................2-10 Defining Your Own Constants ...........................................................................2-10 Visual Basic Branching - If Statements............................................................2-11 Key Trapping....................................................................................................... 2-12 Example 2-2: Savings Account - Key Trapping .............................................. 2-14 Select Case - Another Way to Branch.............................................................2-16 The GoTo Statement..........................................................................................2-17 Visual Basic Looping......................................................................................... 2-17 Visual Basic Counting........................................................................................ 2-19 Example 2-3: Savings Account - Decisions ....................................................2-20 Exercise 2-1: Computing a Mean and Standard Deviation...........................2-23 Exercise 2-2: Flash Card Addition Problems ................................................. 2-28 3. Exploring the Visual Basic Toolbox Review and Preview..............................................................................................3-1 The Message Box .................................................................................................3-1 Object Methods......................................................................................................3-3 The Form Object....................................................................................................3-4 Command Buttons.................................................................................................3-5 Label Boxes...........................................................................................................3-5 Text Boxes..............................................................................................................3-6 Example 3-1: Password Validation.....................................................................3-8 Check Boxes....................................................................................................... 3-11 Option Buttons ....................................................................................................3-11 Arrays...................................................................................................................3-12 Control Arrays .....................................................................................................3-13 Frames................................................................................................................ 3-14 Example 3-2: Pizza Order................................................................................. 3-15 List Boxes............................................................................................................3-20 Combo Boxes.....................................................................................................3-21 Example 3-3: Flight Planner.............................................................................. 3-23 Exercise 3: Customer Database Input Screen................................................ 3-27 Contents v 4. More Exploration of the Visual Basic Toolbox Review and Preview..............................................................................................4-1 Display Layers.......................................................................................................4-1 Line Tool.................................................................................................................4-2 Shape Tool.............................................................................................................4-3 Horizontal and Vertical Scroll Bars......................................................................4-4 Example 4-1: Temperature Conversion..............................................................4-7 Picture Boxes...................................................................................................... 4-12 Image Boxes ....................................................................................................... 4-14 Quick Example: Picture and Image Boxes ...................................................... 4-14 Drive List Box...................................................................................................... 4-15 Directory List Box............................................................................................... 4-15 File List Box........................................................................................................ 4-16 Synchronizing the Drive, Directory, and File List Boxes................................ 4-17 Example 4-2: Image Viewer.............................................................................. 4-18 Common Dialog Boxes .....................................................................................4-23 Open Common Dialog Box............................................................................... 4-24 Quick Example: The Open Dialog Box............................................................4-25 Save As Common Dialog Box..........................................................................4-27 Quick Example: The Save As Dialog Box....................................................... 4-28 Exercise 4: Student Database Input Screen...................................................4-29 5. Creating a Stand-Alone Visual Basic Application Review and Preview..............................................................................................5-1 Designing an Application.....................................................................................5-1 Using General Sub Procedures in Applications ................................................5-2 Creating a Code Module ......................................................................................5-5 Using General Function Procedures in Applications.........................................5-5 Quick Example: Temperature Conversion..........................................................5-7 Quick Example: Image Viewer (Optional)...........................................................5-8 Adding Menus to an Application..........................................................................5-8 Example 5-1: Note Editor..................................................................................5-12 Using Pop-Up Menus......................................................................................... 5-16 Assigning Icons to Forms..................................................................................5-17 Designing Your Own Icon with IconEdit............................................................5-17 Creating Visual Basic Executable Files ..........................................................5-19 Example 5-2: Note Editor - Building an Executable and Attaching an Icon................................................................. 5-21 Using the Visual Basic Package & Deployment Wizard ............................... 5-22 Example 5-3: Note Editor - Creating a Distribution Disk............................... 5-25 Exercise 5: US Capitals Quiz............................................................................5-27 vi Learn Visual Basic 6.0 6. Error-Handling, Debugging and File Input/Output Review and Preview..............................................................................................6-1 Error Types.............................................................................................................6-1 Run-Time Error Trapping and Handling ..............................................................6-2 General Error Handling Procedure......................................................................6-4 Example 6-1: Simple Error Trapping ..................................................................6-7 Debugging Visual Basic Programs.....................................................................6-9 Example 6-2: Debugging Example ..................................................................6-10 Using the Debugging Tools............................................................................... 6-11 Debugging Strategies........................................................................................ 6-16 Sequential Files..................................................................................................6-17 Sequential File Output (Variables)...................................................................6-17 Quick Example: Writing Variables to Sequential Files ..................................6-19 Sequential File Input (Variables)....................................................................... 6-20 Quick Example: Reading Variables from Sequential Files ...........................6-21 Writing and Reading Text Using Sequential Files..........................................6-22 Random Access Files........................................................................................ 6-24 User-Defined Variables.....................................................................................6-25 Writing and Reading Random Access Files...................................................6-26 Using the Open and Save Common Dialog Boxes........................................ 6-29 Example 6-3: Note Editor - Reading and Saving Text Files..........................6-31 Exercise 6-1: Information Tracking ...................................................................6-35 Exercise 6-2: ‘Recent Files’ Menu Option....................................................... 6-41 7. Graphics Techniques with Visual Basic Review and Preview..............................................................................................7-1 Graphics Methods .................................................................................................7-1 Using Colors ..........................................................................................................7-8 Mouse Events .....................................................................................................7-10 Example 7-1: Blackboard..................................................................................7-13 Drag and Drop Events ....................................................................................... 7-18 Example 7-2: Letter Disposal ...........................................................................7-20 Timer Tool and Delays ....................................................................................... 7-23 Animation Techniques ....................................................................................... 7-24 Quick Example: Simple Animation...................................................................7-25 Quick Example: Animation with the Timer Tool............................................... 7-26 Random Numbers (Revisited) and Games .....................................................7-28 Randomly Sorting N Integers.............................................................................7-29 Example 7-3: One-Buttoned Bandit..................................................................7-30 User-Defined Coordinates................................................................................ 7-35 Simple Function Plotting (Line Charts)............................................................7-36 Simple Bar Charts.............................................................................................. 7-38 Contents vii 7. Graphics Techniques with Visual Basic (continued) Example 7-4: Line Chart and Bar Chart Application...................................... 7-40 Exercise 7-1: Blackjack.....................................................................................7-43 Exercise 7-2: Information Tracking Plotting.....................................................7-54 8. Database Access and Management Review and Preview..............................................................................................8-1 Database Structure and Terminology .................................................................8-1 ADO Data Control.................................................................................................8-6 Data Links..............................................................................................................8-8 Assigning Tables...................................................................................................8-9 Bound Data Tools............................................................................................... 8-10 Example 8-1: Accessing the Books Database............................................... 8-12 Creating a Virtual Table.....................................................................................8-14 Quick Example: Forming a Virtual Table......................................................... 8-14 Finding Specific Records..................................................................................8-16 Example 8-2: ‘Rolodex’ Searching of the Books Database..........................8-18 Data Manager.....................................................................................................8-21 Example 8-3: Phone Directory - Creating the Database............................... 8-22 Database Management.....................................................................................8-24 Example 8-4: Phone Directory - Managing the Database.............................8-26 Custom Data Aware Controls ...........................................................................8-31 Creating a Data Report .....................................................................................8-33 Example 8-5: Phone Directory - Building a Data Report............................... 8-34 Exercise 8: Home Inventory Database.............................................................8-39 9. Dynamic Link Libraries and the Windows API Review and Preview..............................................................................................9-1 Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL)..............................................................................9-1 Accessing the Windows API With DLL...............................................................9-2 Timing with DLL Calls...........................................................................................9-4 Quick Example 1: Using GetTickCount to Build a Stopwatch.........................9-5 Quick Example 2: Using GetTickCount to Implement a Delay........................9-6 Drawing Ellipses....................................................................................................9-7 Quick Example 3: Drawing Ellipses...................................................................9-7 Drawing Lines........................................................................................................9-8 Quick Example 4: Drawing Lines .......................................................................9-9 Drawing Polygons .............................................................................................. 9-10 Quick Example 5: Drawing Polygons .............................................................. 9-11 Sounds with DLL Calls - Other Beeps .............................................................9-14 Quick Example 6: Adding Beeps to Message Box Displays ....................... 9-15 viii Learn Visual Basic 6.0 9. Dynamic Link Libraries and the Windows API (continued) More Elaborate Sounds.....................................................................................9-16 Quick Example 7: Playing WAV Files.............................................................9-16 Playing Sounds Quickly .....................................................................................9-17 Quick Example 8: Playing Sounds Quickly.....................................................9-18 Fun With Graphics.............................................................................................. 9-19 Quick Example 9: Bouncing Ball With Sound!............................................... 9-20 Flicker Free Animation ...................................................................................... 9-22 Quick Example 10: Flicker Free Animation....................................................9-23 Quick Example 11: Horizontally Scrolling Background ................................. 9-24 A Bit of Multimedia.............................................................................................9-26 Quick Example 12: Multimedia Sound and Video......................................... 9-26 Exercise 9: The Original Video Game - Pong!............................................... 9-27 10. Other Visual Basic Topics Review and Preview...........................................................................................10-1 Custom Controls................................................................................................. 10-1 Masked Edit Control..........................................................................................10-3 Chart Control....................................................................................................... 10-4 Multimedia Control.............................................................................................10-6 Rich Textbox Control..........................................................................................10-8 Slider Control...................................................................................................... 10-9 Tabbed Dialog Control....................................................................................10-12 UpDown Control...............................................................................................10-13 Toolbar Control.................................................................................................10-14 Using the Windows Clipboard ........................................................................10-17 Printing with Visual Basic................................................................................10-18 Multiple Form Visual Basic Applications.......................................................10-21 Visual Basic Multiple Document Interface (MDI)...........................................10-25 Creating a Help File .........................................................................................10-29 Class Summary................................................................................................10-36 Exercise 10: The Ultimate Application...........................................................10-37 Appendix I: Visual Basic Symbolic Constants ...................................I-1 Appendix II: Common Dialog Box Constants..........
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