02 – Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates
BY :M. Morris Mano
Chapter 3
Gate-level minimization refers to che design task of finding an optimal gate-level implementation
of the Boolean functions describing a digital circuit. This task is well understood,
but is difficult to execute by manual methods when the logic has more than a few
inputs. Fortunately, computer-based logic synthesis tools can minimize a large set of BwIean
equations efficiently and quickly. Nevertheless, it is important that a designer understand
the underlying mathematical description and solution of the problem. This chapter serves
as a foundation for your understanding of that important topic and will enable you to execute
a manual design of simple circuits, preparing you for skilled use of modern design
tools. The chapter will also introduce a hardware description language that is used by modern
design tools.
3.2 THE MAP METHOD
The complexity of the digital logic gaks that implement a Boolean function is directly related
to the complexity of the algebraic expression from which the function is implemented. Although
the truth table representation of a function is unique, when it is expressed algebraically
it can appear in many different, but equivalent, forms. Boolean expressions may be simplified
by algebraic maus as discussed in Section 2.4. However, this procedure of minimhation is awkward
because it lacks specific rules to predict each succeeding step in the matiipuhtive process.
The map method presented here provides a simple, straightfmard procedure for minimidng
Boolean functions. This method may be regarded as a pictorial form of a truth table. The map
method is also hown as the Karnaugh map or K-mup.
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